G. de Santillana and H. von Dehchend explain that Fu Hsi and Nu Kua measure the "squareness of the earth" and the "roundness of heaven" with their square and compass.
Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Dechend. 1969. Hamlet's Mill: An Essay on Myth and the Frame of Time (Boston, MA: David R. Godine, 1977), p. 272
The Chinese picture illustrates in true archaic spirit (which means that only hints are given, and the spectator has to work out for himself the significance of the details) the surveying of the universe. The two characters surrounded by constellations are Fu Hsi and Nu Kua, i.e., the craftsman god and his paredra, who measure the "squareness of the earth" and the "roundness of heaven" with their implements, the square with the plumb bob hanging from it, and the compass. The intertwined serpent-like bodies of the deities indicate clearly enough, although in a peculiar "projection," circular orbits intersecting each other at regular intervals.