1 June 1801–29 Aug. 1877. Carpenter, painter, glazier, colonizer. Born at Whitingham, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of John Young and Abigail (Nabby) Howe. Brought up in Methodist household; later joined Methodist church. Moved to Sherburne, Chenango Co., New York, 1804. Married first Miriam Angeline Works of Aurelius, Cayuga Co., New York, 8 Oct. 1824. Lived at Mendon, Monroe Co., New York, when baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by Eleazer Miller, 9/15 Apr. 1832. Wife died, 8 Sept. 1832. Served missions to New York and Upper Canada, 1832–1833. Migrated to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, 1833. Labored on Kirtland temple. Married second Mary Ann Angell, 31 Mar. 1834, in Geauga Co. Participated in Camp of Israel expedition to Missouri, 1834. Ordained member of Quorum of the Twelve by Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and Martin Harris, 14 Feb. 1835, at Kirtland. Served mission to New York and New England, 1835–1837. Stockholder in Kirtland Safety Society. Fled Kirtland, 22 Dec. 1837. Joined JS en route to Far West, Caldwell Co., Missouri; arrived, 14 Mar. 1838. Member of presidency pro tempore of church in Far West, 1838. Helped direct Latter-day Saint evacuation from Missouri. Forced to leave Far West; reached Quincy, Adams Co., Illinois, Feb. 1839. Served mission to England, 1839–1841, departing from Montrose, Lee Co., Iowa Territory. Appointed president of Quorum of the Twelve, 14 Apr. 1840. Arrived in Nauvoo, Hancock Co., Illinois, 1 July 1841. Appointed assistant chaplain in Nauvoo Legion, 3 July 1841. Member of Nauvoo City Council, 1841–1845. Member of Nauvoo Masonic Lodge. Participated in plural marriage during JS’s lifetime. Officiator in proxy baptisms for the dead in Nauvoo, 1843. Admitted to Council of Fifty, 11 Mar. 1844. Served mission to campaign for JS as candidate for U.S. president, 1844. With the Twelve, sustained to administer affairs of church after JS’s death, 8 Aug. 1844, at Nauvoo. Reorganized Council of Fifty, 4 Feb. 1845. Recognized as “President of the whole Church of Latter Day Saints” at conference in Nauvoo, 7 Apr. 1845. Directed Latter-day Saint migration from Nauvoo to Salt Lake Valley, 1846–1848. Reorganized First Presidency of church, Dec. 1847. Governor of Utah Territory, 1850–1857. Superintendent of Indian affairs for Utah Territory, 1851–1857. Directed establishment of hundreds of settlements in western U.S. Died at Salt Lake City.