h. Luke 22.69: Daniel 7.13 and Psalm 110(109).1

Jesus appears before the Sanhedrin and is interrogated. According to Luke, during this interrogation, he is asked by the chief priest if he is the Christ. In his response, Jesus says that, if he were to answer the chief priest and those with him would not believe, and if he were to ask, they would not answer. Instead, he states in Lk. 22.69 that from now on:

ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενος ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ θεοῦ

The son of man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.

This passage draws upon Dan. 7.13 and Ps. 110(109).1.

Table 4.8. Comparison of Lk. 22.69, Dan. 7.13, and Ps. 110(109).1

Dan. 7.13

ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου

(כבר אנשׁ)

Lk. 22.69

ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καθήμενος ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ θεοῦ

Ps. 110(109).1

Εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ κυρίῳ μου Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν σου

(נאם יהוה לאדני שׁב לימיני עד־אשׁית איביך הדם לרגליך)

This is a much-discussed passage, especially its parallel in Mk. 14.62 (cf. also Mt. 26.64). The first question for the present study, however, is whether these are quotations or rather allusions to two passages that have been brought together. It has been discussed frequently elsewhere how Jesus uses ‘son of man’ as his favorite self-designation, but always in the form of the double articular ‘the son of man’ (ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου), to use a literalistic (but highly misleading) rendering. The form in Daniel (and elsewhere in the Old Testament) does not have the article in the (here) Aramaic or Septuagint forms. Thus, if we use the criterion of a minimum of three identical words for a quotation, then this is at best a paraphrase or more likely an allusion to Dan. 7.13. The reference to Ps. 110(109).1 may be a quotation in that four words of the Septuagint version are cited (with appropriate grammatical modifications) but only two words of the Hebrew version are cited. Even if Ps. 110(109).1 is a direct quotation, this would not qualify as a composite citation due to lack of citation of Dan. 7.13