In an editorial in the Messenger and Advocate, Warren Cowdery reports on the economic downturn of 1837 and its effects on the Kirtland economy.
Warren Cowdery, Editorial, Messenger and Advocate 3, no. 9 (June 1837): 520–22
A train of causes, and a combination of circumstances, not in our power to control, have operated to prevent our issuing our paper in the month of June. We admire punctuality in all business, but in a periodical like ours, we are as deeply sensible as any one can be, of the character and importance that are given to a regularly issued periodical, whether it be weekly or monthly, religious or political. We know from our own experience, that the human system no more craves food after a suitable time, than the political demagogue his newspaper or the saint his periodical when he has reason to expect it. He anticipates a mental treat; he expects his spirits will be refreshed, his understanding be enlightened, his judgment be corrected, his hopes brightened, his soul be edified, and his spiritual strength increased. And we are not insensible of the depression of spirits occasioned by a tardy mail, or a total failure of the paper when the mail arrives. Being fully aware of all these facts, we have labored assiduously on our part, to obviate all difficulties and remove all obstacles that would retard the forthcoming of the paper in due season. But so it is we with our numerous patrons are doomed to bear a disappointment. We have no compositor. We have till recently, had laborers enough at our control, but now we are destitute, or nearly so. Let but our readers be as patient with us, as we are with many of them relative to remittances, and we pledge ourselves there will be no falling off, but every reasonable allowance be made for the great and severe pressure in the moneyed institutions of our country, and the consequent effect which that has upon all business, and upon every occupation in community.
We claim no indulgence for idleness nor any excuse for sheer neglect of known duty, but simply for that charity to be extended to us "that endureth long and is kind, thinketh no evil, rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth."
The change of times, and circumstances, and the almost entire revolution in the monetary affairs of our country, have sensibly affected this our community as well as all others. With few exceptions, a sullen, we can almost say, a desponding gloom hangs over us, sufficient at least to show a striking contrast between this and last year. One year since and our village was all activity, all animation the noise and bustle of teams with lumber, brick, stone, lime or merchandise, were heard from the early dawn of morning till the grey twilight of evening. The sound of the mechanic's hammer saluted the ear of the sluggard before the rising sun had fairly dispelled the sable shades of night, and the starting up, as if by magic, of buildings in every direction around us, were evincive to us of buoyant hope, lively anticipation, and a firm confidence that our days of pinching adversity had passed by, that the set time of the Lord to favor Zion had come, that we might almost rejoice when the world around us mourn, laugh at its calamity and mock when its fear comes; but we too feel the pressure, occasioned by the derangement of the currency, the loss of credit, the want of confidence, or by overtrading; either the whole combined, or a part of these causes, have contributed to produce the state of things that now exists. So far as prophylactics are concerned, it may be well to look to causes, remote and proximate. But the great desideratum is how shall we extricate ourselves, now that we have fallen into the dilemma. And first, with the wisdom of a Socrates or a Phocion, we must necessarily experience more or less of the evils incident to a deranged state of the currency, an inflated paper circulation, and from our intercourse with neighboring communities, the want of sound capital to purchase the necessaries of life, and materials for building up and enlarging our place in proportion to our numbers and wants. Although our religion differs from that of our fellow citizens around us, as much as that taught by the apostles differed from that of their contemporaries, yet we must of necessity have intercourse with them, in a commercial point of view, and suffer more or less as they suffer, taking into consideration the frequency and amount of that intercourse. With all the precaution we could possibly have exercised, as other adjacent places have been made to feel a reverse of fortune, so have we. But as we write for posterity as well as for our contemporaries, we feel bound to notice some of the remote and proximate causes, and leave our readers to suggest the remedy. We are all sensible that one year ago our village was lively, and every countenance was lit up with a smile. The laborer found employ and fair wages. The farmer living near found a ready market for all his surplus produce. The mechanic constant employ for all the hands he could engage. A great amount of merchandise was purchased on credit, and sold in this town during the summer, fall, and winter past. Lumber and every kind of building material bore a high price; and much of it, as there was much used, was necessarily bought on a credit. Real estate rose from one to eight hundred per cent and in many cases more. Men who were not thought worth fifty or an hundred dollars became purchasers to the amount of thousands. Notes, (some cash,) deeds, and mortgages passed and repassed, till all, or nearly all, vainly supposed they had become wealthy, or at least had acquired a competence. With the consciousness of having suddenly and without much effort enhanced the amount of his worldly fortune, every one thought he must clothe himself and family according to his circumstances & present prospects, he therefore made large bills with the merchants, and promised to pay in a few short months, or when the bank should open and begin to discount.
Time rolled on with its usual rapidity. All the necessaries of life rose in value, while the demand continued the same or rather increased, and the supply rather diminished. The time of payment on many large contracts had already come. The merchant, the mechanic, and the wholesale dealer began to call; the laborer who is ever worthy of his hire, began to feel the pressure. The effects of overtrading were visible, daily. Almost every man had given his notes for more than he could raise; contracts were expiring, where hundreds, yea, thousands were at stake. Some made exertions to extricate themselves by their own economy or the assistance of friends. Some sacrificed what they had paid, and gave up their contract. Some appeared to almost sink in despair, on viewing the prospect before them. While there were still another class, who reckless of all consequences, rushed blindly on, till ruin stared them full in the face.
This being a simple statement of facts, it is easy to see that overtrading is one of the principal remote causes of distress in our community. 2d. An inordinate desire to become suddenly and vastly rich. 3d. The deranged state of the money market abroad, and an inflated paper circulation at home, together with every article of food rising nearly one hundred per cent above the prices of last year. The laborer found less employ and still less pay, than formerly. The influx of inhabitants from abroad, in consequence of the general pressure, was less, and the few who did arrive felt little inclined to part with their disposable means. The day of speculation, we mean local speculation in real estate, appears to have gone by for the present, and the hour of adversity the time of trial -- has come; payments are due, money scarce, credit impaired, and confidence gone! We speak not of these, as calamities peculiar to our little town. We mention them because they are common to our whole country, and because causes of a similar nature have combined to produce nearly the same effect throughout our whole country.
We are now, after having hinted at what we deemed the remote and proximate causes, to propose the remedies.
And, first, let every man live within his income, and contract no debts, except such as he is able, willing, and expects to pay himself; let him indulge in no visionary schemes of worldly greatness, or be puffed up with vanity as if the world was made for Caesar and all mankind beside his vassals. Let every man study to know his duty to himself, his family, his friends, his neighbors, his country, and his God. Let him assert his rights as a free intelligent citizen of the government that protects him, but let him never abuse those rights. Let him not aggravate the distresses of his fellow men by pandering to the passion, the prejudice, the tyranny, or pride of any. If in his judgment his rulers are good, and their government good, let him uphold, protect, and constitutionally defend them. But let him beware lest a blind zeal for party throws him off his balance, and he imbibe the idea, that man, frail man like himself, has claims to infallibility! Remember that the great Creator never made an independent man, and with equal propriety we might add he never made an infallible one.
Industry and good economy will overcome all the imaginary, and many of the real evils with which we are afflicted. Let all the constitutional remedies be put in requisition and our great affliction if not soon removed will soon be mitigated.